LifeLine

A biomolecule is a chemical compound found in living organisms. These include chemicals that are composed of mainly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus. Biomolecules are the building blocks of life and perform important functions in living organisms. Together they form an interconnected network that drives biological processes.

Sugars 

Carbohydrates containing free aldehyde and ketone functional groups, so they are called reducing sugars. Examples of reducing sugars are glucose, lactose. 

Non-reducing sugars do not have free aldehyde or ketone groups. They are in the acetal or ketal form. Examples of non-reducing sugar are sucrose, all polysaccharides. 

Fats 

Saturated fats – Would block arteries that might increase the risk of cardiac disease. Raise high cholesterol. 

Unsaturated fats – Help keep the proper body functioning.

Carbohydrates 

Carbohydrates are sugar molecules, one of the three main sources of energy for our body is carbohydrates, which are macronutrients. Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Since they are chemically composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, they are known as carbohydrates.

There are multiple functions in carbohydrates like they produce energy, they store energy, they assist in lipid metabolism, building macromolecules, etc. Carbohydrates give body cells the glucose they need to function. Extra glucose that the body doesn’t use for immediate energy is either converted to glycogen, a kind of carbohydrate used for storage, or it is converted to fat and kept in body fat cells. 

An excessive intake of carbohydrates puts a heavy metabolic burden on the body. Over time, having high blood sugar levels (the result of digesting eating sugar and starch) causes weight gain, poor metabolic health, and an elevated risk of heart disease.

A diet low in carbs will therefore make the brain less active, which over time will result in memory loss. Body tiredness, low blood sugar, irregular heartbeat, lightheadedness, and dizziness are all signs that the body is low on carbs. These symptoms are frequently present because the brain and body have been cut off.

Proteins 

Proteins are the fundamental building blocks of our body. Proteins are composed of amino acids, arranged into different groups. They are large and complex macromolecules or bio-molecules which perform a major role in the functioning and regulating of our body cells, tissues and other organs in the human body.

They are also used in providing strength to our body in producing hormones, enzymes, and other metabolic chemicals. They are also involved in functioning and regulating our body cells, tissues and organs.

Proteins are a major source of energy that helps in movements of our body. Proteins are also involved in the creation of various types of hormones which help in balancing the components of the body. For example hormones like insulin, which help in regulating blood sugar and secretion. It is also involved in the digestion process, so it breaks down nutrients present in food into smaller portions so it can be easily absorbed (pepsin, amylase, lipase). It also carries out muscle contraction. 

Over time, a lack of protein can make you lose muscle mass, which in turn cuts your strength, makes it harder to keep your balance, and slows your metabolism.  Extra protein is not used efficiently by the body and may impose a metabolic burden on the bones, kidneys, and liver. Moreover, high-protein/high-meat diets may also be associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease due to intakes of saturated fat and cholesterol or even cancer.

Lipids 

Lipids are organic compounds that are fatty acids or derivatives of fatty acids, which are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. For eg., natural oil, steroids, waxes. Lipids are the polymers of fatty acids that contain a long, non-polar hydrocarbon chain with a small polar region containing oxygen.

Lipids play a very important role in our body. They are the structural component of the cell membrane. They help in providing energy and produce hormones in our body. They help in the proper digestion and absorption of food. They are a healthy part of our diet if taken in proper amounts. They also play an important role in signaling.

This can increase your risk of heart attack and stroke because blood can’t flow through your arteries easily. If you don’t get enough fat in your diet, you may notice symptoms such as dry rashes, hair loss, a weaker immune system, and issues related to vitamin deficiencies. 

Minerals

Minerals are inorganic substances required by the human body to function correctly.

The human body requires varying amounts of minerals daily in order to build strong bones and muscles. It also helps to maintain various bodily functions. Therefore, we obtain these nutrients from eating foods rich in minerals.

Too much of anything is dangerous. Similarly, excess minerals intake might lead to certain illnesses in the body. Too much calcium in our diet may cause constipation and kidney problems. Excess zinc intake causes diarrhea, heart problems, kidney malfunction, and vomiting.

Mineral deficiencies can lead to a variety of health problems, such as weak bones, fatigue, or a decreased immune system.

Vitamins 

The vitamins are natural and essential nutrients, required in small quantities and play a major role in growth and development, repair and healing wounds, maintaining healthy bones and tissues, for the proper functioning of an immune system, and other biological functions.

Vitamins are a group of substances that are needed for normal cell function, growth, and development. There are 13 essential vitamins. This means that these vitamins are required for the body to work properly.

People with severe overdoses may develop coma, low blood pressure, liver failure, lung injury, and death. Vitamin deficiency can cause a number of symptoms, including fatigue, dry skin and hair, depression, poor wound healing, and more. While they can vary between deficiencies, many of them overlap.